Nicotine content and abstinence state have different effects on subjective ratings of positive versus negative reinforcement from smoking
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Decreasing Nicotine Content Reduces Subjective and Physiological Effects of Smoking.
OBJECTIVE Assessment of the subjective and physiological effects of smoking cigarettes with different machine-smoked nicotine yields. METHODS Eight volunteers rated the characteristics of cigarettes with varying levels of nicotine (Quest®). At 30 minute intervals, participants smoked one of three different Quest® brand cigarettes in a counterbalanced order (reported machine-smoked nicotine yi...
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two groups of students were assigned as experimental and control ones, and were given instruction on directed reading-thinking activities and after some treatment, they were post-tested. although the initial pre-test did not show any significant differences, the final post-test result revealed that the cooperative reading comprehension helped the experimental group. the cooperative students’...
15 صفحه اولEffects of abstinence from smoking on sleep and daytime sleepiness.
This study examined the effect of smoking abstinence on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and mood in 18 subjects (10 men and 8 women) aged 35 to 49 years who had smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day for more than 2 years. Subjects were studied on two consecutive weeks following an adaptation night. During week 1 (study nights 1, 2, and 3), the subjects smoked as usual. Smoking abstinence was...
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Both menstrual phase and nicotine have been shown to affect task performance. Though conflicting results have been reported, at least one well-controlled study has demonstrated that women at midluteal phase show superior performance on speech articulation and speeded motor coordination tests, but poorer performance on perceptual-spatial tests, than during menses. Smokers have demonstrated super...
متن کاملMediation of smoking abstinence self-efficacy on the association of nicotine dependence with smoking cessation.
BACKGROUND The nicotine dependence (ND) has negative and smoking abstinence self-efficacy (SASE) has positive effects on successful smoking cessation, but scant data is now available for what is the mediating role of SASE on the relationship between ND and successful smoking cessation. The aim of this study was to assess the abovementioned mediation. METHODS A case-control study was conducted...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
سال: 2013
ISSN: 0091-3057
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.11.012